ABSTRACT
• In wet year, the ET under no film mulching was lower than film mulching, but was higher in dry year. • A slight T difference under BFM and PFM occurred in the late crop growth stages. • Max E difference at B station and J station happen in early and late growth stages, respectively. • Water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency under PFM and BFM were improved. Biodegradable film mulching (BFM) in various crops is a good alternative to plastic film mulching (PFM). However, the difference in field water consumption between BFM and PFM has not been fully investigated. A four-year experiment with an improved evapotranspiration (ET) model (BSW) was performed to systematically evaluate and compare the effects of BFM, PFM, and no film mulching (NFM) on ET dynamics. The experiments were done in the Hetao Irrigation District of China at the Baleng experimental station (B station) with sandy soil in 2016-2017 and the Jiuzhuang experimental station (J station) with sandy loam soil in 2018-2019. The results of multi-year verification illustrated that the model accuracy was well-supported during 2016-2019 with mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.0%-16.9% and 13.1%-19.1% for ET and evaporation (E), respectively. The average cumulative ET (CET) under FM (i.e., BFM and PFM) was 443.5 mm each year and decreased by 13.4% compared to NFM. However, there was an obvious difference in CET during the different hydrological years, especially in the early crop growth stages. In the wet years (2016 and 2018), the average CET under FM increased by 6.2%-7.0% compared to NFM but decreased by 7.1%-11.8% in the dry years (2017 and 2019). The transpiration (T) difference between FM and NFM primarily appeared in the early crop growth stages, and T / ET under FM was significantly higher than with NFM by 46.9%-50.2%. An obvious E difference between BFM and PFM was observed in the later crop growing stages due to a greater area of the disintegrated biodegradable film. Additionally, crop yield under PFM and BFM increased by 35.4% and 28.3% compared with NFM, respectively, and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 47.1% and 35.8%, respectively. Thus, biodegradable film is recommended to replace plastic film to effectively promote the development of sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic seriously threatens the lives of the general public and poses momentous challenges to all medical workers, including those engaged in interventional radiology, who play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. To further standardize the prevention and control of nosocomial infections and ensure the safety of doctors and patients, the Chinese Society of Interventional Radiology (CSIR) organized multidisciplinary experts in the field of interventional radiology in China to prepare an "Expert Consensus" elaborating and summarizing the protective strategies and suggestions for medical workers in the field of interventional radiology when they engage in interventional diagnosis and treatment activities against the background of novel coronavirus infection control. The aim is to provide a reference for interventional procedures in hospitals and other medical institutions at all levels in China and worldwide. The key points include the following: (I) non-emergency interventional diagnosis and treatment should be suspended while work is ongoing to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19; (II) protective measures should be taken according to the appropriate level designated for COVID-19 infection prevention and control; (III) patients should take measures to protect themselves when they want to see a doctor, including accessing outpatient services online and other relevant channels of consultation.